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Email deliverability glossary

This glossary defines common email deliverability and email infrastructure terms you may encounter when sending email through Braze.

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Allowlist

A list of contacts that the user deems are acceptable to receive email from and should not be filtered or sent to the trash or spam folder.

Block

A block bounce is the result of an email not being accepted for delivery by the mailbox provider. Many mailbox providers block email from IP addresses or domains that have been reported to send spam or viruses or have content that violates email policy or spam filters. SendGrid uses "block" to refer to what is typically called a soft bounce. At SendGrid, a block results when an email is not accepted for delivery due to a technical or temporary reason.

Blocklist

Lists of IP addresses that have been reported and listed as known sources of spam. There are public and private blocklists. Public blocklists are published and made available to the public—many times as a free service, sometimes for a fee.

Bounce

Also known as a hard bounce, an address that has bounced is permanently undeliverable and is suppressed from subsequent sends. For more information about bounces in Braze, see Bounces in the email analytics glossary.

Bulk folder

Also referred to as junk or spam folder in some email clients.

CAN-SPAM Act

US law regulating commercial email (full name: Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003).

Click rate

The rate at which recipients have clicked a link within the message. For more information, see Unique Clicks in the email analytics glossary.

Content filters

Software filters that block email based on text, words, phrases, or header information within the email itself.

DKIM

DomainKeys Identified Mail lets an organization take responsibility for a message while it is in transit. The organization is a handler of the message, either as its originator or as an intermediary. Their reputation is the basis for evaluating whether to trust the message for delivery.

DMARC

Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance is a technical specification created by organizations to reduce email phishing and fraud. It is currently used by all major mailbox providers, including Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft.

Deferred

If a message is unable to be delivered on its first attempt, that message is considered as being deferred. Most deferred mail eventually delivers.

Deliverability

In the deliverability community, deliverability primarily focuses on the ability to reach the inbox. This rate is not something Braze can track directly, so you need to use other available data to make inferences about inbox placement.

Delivery rate

The rate of successful deliveries, regardless of inbox placement or whether the mail gets opened. For more information, see Deliveries % in the email analytics glossary.

Drop

SendGrid keeps email lists to track bounces, spam reports, and unsubscribes for each of their users. If a user sends a message to an email address that exists on one of these lists within their account, SendGrid automatically drops the message (that is, does not send to the address).

ESP (email service provider)

Company that provides email sending and transport capability to email marketers. Many of today's marketing, CRM, and customer engagement platforms include an email-sending component and are commonly referred to as ESPs in reference to email-sending capability. Examples include ConstantContact, MailChimp, Emarsys, Salesforce Marketing Cloud, Cheetah Digital, and Sailthru.

Feedback loop (FBL)

The mechanism by which senders are notified of spam reports so that they can calculate a spam report rate and remove the address from future sends.

Hard bounce

Message sent to an invalid, closed, or nonexistent email account. Typically, hard-bounced emails can be identified with a 500 series SMTP reply code. For more information, see Hard Bounce in the email analytics glossary.

IP

A unique number assigned to each device connected to the Internet.

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

Company that provides Internet services to consumers like AT&T, British Telecom, Comcast (Xfinity), Cox, Orange, Sky, Spectrum, Tiscali, TalkTalk, and Virgin. Also colloquially includes mailbox providers like Gmail, Yahoo, and Microsoft.

List hygiene

The act of maintaining a list so that hard bounces and unsubscribed names are removed from mailings.

List-Unsubscribe

The List-Unsubscribe header is text you can include in the header portion of your messages, allowing recipients to see an unsubscribe button they can select to automatically stop future messages.

MX record

An MX record is a type of resource record in the Domain Name System (DNS) specifying how Internet email should be routed using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Mailbox provider (MBP)

The provider of email access to recipients, such as Gmail, Yahoo, and Microsoft.

NDR (non-delivery report)

Feedback from an email receiver when they choose not to accept an email for delivery, in the form of an SMTP response. NDRs are often referred to as bounces.

Opens unique rate

The rate at which the open tracking pixel was loaded, only counting unique recipients (no duplicates). For more information, see Unique Opens in the email analytics glossary.

Phishing

A form of identity theft in which a scammer uses an authentic-looking email to trick recipients into giving out sensitive personal information, such as credit card or bank account numbers, Social Security numbers, and other personally identifiable information (PII).

Re-engagement campaign

An email campaign sent to inactive or non-responders in an attempt to win them back and get them engaged with your emails again in the form of opens, clicks, and conversions. A re-engagement campaign can be sent to inactive as a stand-alone campaign or as a series of campaigns.

Reverse DNS (rDNS)

The process in which an IP address is matched correctly to a domain name, instead of a domain name being matched to an IP address. If a spam filter or program can't match the IP address to the domain name, it can reject the email.

Smart Network Data Services (SNDS)

Offered by Windows Live Hotmail, SNDS provides data to senders based on actual mail sent to Hotmail subscribers. Metrics reported on include complaints, SmartScreen filter results, and spam trap hits.

Soft bounce

Any bounce due to a temporary or transient issue like "mailbox full," "user over quota," "mail blocked for spam-like characteristics," "message rejected because it violates organization policies," or "server temporarily not available." SendGrid calls these "blocks."

Delivery to any soft bounce believed to be a temporary issue (usually those with an SMTP 4xx code) is attempted again until the message is either delivered or 72 hours elapse. If a message that has soft bounced cannot be delivered after 72 hours, further delivery attempts are stopped and the failed message delivery is counted as a bounce. For more information, see Soft Bounce in the email analytics glossary.

Spam

Unwanted email. In the metrics, users must mark these emails as spam (so this count includes them in deliveries as the email needs to be delivered first). For more information, see Spam in the email analytics glossary.

Spam rate

The rate at which recipients have marked a message as being spam while viewing it. This rate does not include mail that lands in the spam folder. It also does not include complaints from mailbox providers who do not have a feedback loop, such as Gmail and iCloud. For more information, see Spam in the email analytics glossary.

Spam trap

An email used to collect and detect spam by ISPs and antispam organizations. Also known as spamtrap. For more information, see Deliverability pitfalls and spam traps.

SpamCop

A blocklist and IP address database, formerly privately owned but now part of the email vendor Ironport. Many mailbox providers check the IP addresses of incoming emails against SpamCop's records to determine whether the address has been blocklisted due to spam complaints.

Suppression list

Braze does not have suppression lists, however, you can create a sunset policy as documented in Sunset policies. For more information about managing email subscriptions, see Subscriptions.

Throttling

The practice of regulating how many email messages a broadcaster sends to one mailbox provider or mail server at a time. Some mailbox providers bounce email if they receive too many messages.

Transactional mail

Transactional messages are defined under CAN-SPAM as any email "facilitating, completing or confirming a previously agreed upon transaction." Unlike commercial messages, transactional messages aren't required to have a U.S. Postal Service address or an unsubscribe link.

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