Setting user IDs

This reference article shows how to set user IDs in your Android or FireOS app, suggested user ID naming conventions, and some best practices.

User IDs should be set for each of your users. These should be unchanging and accessible when a user opens the app. Naming your user IDs correctly from the start is one of the most crucial steps when setting up user IDs. We strongly suggest using the Braze standard of UUIDs and GUIDs (detailed below). We also strongly recommend providing this identifier as it will allow you to:

• Track your users across devices and platforms, improving the quality of your behavioral and demographic data.
• Import data about your users using our user data API.
• Target specific users with our messaging API for both general and transactional messages.

Suggested user ID naming convention

At Braze, we strongly recommend naming user IDs, also referred to as external IDs, in a UUIDs and GUIDs format. UUIDs and GUIDs are universally unique identifiers that consist of a 128-bit number used to identify information in computer systems. This means that these UUIDs are long, random and well distributed. If you choose a different method in which to name your user IDs, they must also be long, random and well distributed. It is also important to note, that user IDs are case sensitive. For example, “Abcdef” is a different user from “abcdef”.

If you find your user IDs include names, email addresses, timestamps, or incrementors, we suggest using a new naming method that is more secure so that your user IDs are not as easy to guess or impersonate. If you choose to include this in your user IDs, we strongly recommend adding our SDK authentication feature to prevent user impersonation.

Providing this information to others may allow people outside your organization to glean information on how your user IDs are structured, opening up your organization to potentially malicious updates or removal of information. Choosing the correct naming convention from the start is one of the most important steps in setting up user IDs. However, a migration is possible using our external ID migration endpoint.

Assigning a user ID

You should make the following call as soon as the user is identified (generally after logging in) in order to set the user ID:

• java
• kotlin

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Braze.getInstance(context).changeUser(YOUR_USER_ID_STRING);

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Braze.getInstance(context).changeUser(YOUR_USER_ID_STRING)

Additionally, we recommend against changing the user ID when a user logs out, as it makes you unable to target the previously logged-in user with re-engagement campaigns. If you anticipate multiple users on the same device, but only want to target one of them when your app is in a logged-out state, we recommend separately keeping track of the user ID you want to target while logged out and switching back to that user ID as part of your app’s logout process.

Refer to the changeUser documentation for more information.

User ID integration best practices and notes

Automatic preservation of anonymous user history

Refer to Identified user profiles for more information on what occurs when you identify anonymous users.

Additional notes and best practices

Note the following:

• If your app is used by multiple people, you can assign each user a unique identifier to track them.
• After a user ID has been set, you cannot revert that user to an anonymous profile.
• Do not change the user ID when a user logs out as this can separate the device from the user profile.
  • As a result, you won’t be able to target the previously logged out user with re-engagement messages. If you anticipate multiple users on the same device, but only want to target one of them when your app is in a logged-out state, we recommend separately keeping track of the user ID you want to target while logged out and switching back to that user ID as part of your app’s logout process. By default, only the last user that was logged in will receive push notifications from your app.
• Switching from one identified user to another is a relatively costly operation.
  • When you request the user switch, the current session for the previous user is automatically closed and a new session is started. Braze will automatically make a data refresh request for in-app messages and other Braze resources for the new user.

Aliasing users

A user alias serves as an alternative unique user identifier. You can use aliases to identify users along different dimensions than your core user ID:

• Set a consistent identifier for analytics that will follow a given user both before and after they have logged in to a mobile app or website.
• Add the identifiers used by a third-party vendor to your Braze users in order to more easily reconcile your data externally.

Each alias consists of two parts: a name for the identifier itself, and a label indicating the type of alias. Users can have multiple aliases with different labels, but only one name per label.

For more information on setting user aliases against a user profile, refer to User aliases.

• java
• kotlin

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Braze.getInstance(context).getCurrentUser().addAlias(ALIAS_NAME, ALIAS_LABEL);

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Braze.getInstance(context).currentUser?.addAlias(ALIAS_NAME, ALIAS_LABEL)